DAMASCUS, Dec 13 — Syria’s interim government vowed yesterday to institute the “rule of law” after years of abuses under ousted president Bashar al-Assad, as the United States warned against any action that risked triggering further conflict.
Assad fled Syria after a lightning offensive spearheaded by the Islamist Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) group and its allies, which brought a sudden end to five decades of repressive rule by his clan.
Syrians across the country and around the world erupted in celebration after enduring an era during which suspected dissidents were jailed or killed, and nearly 14 years of war that killed more than 500,000 people and displaced millions.
The United Nations humanitarian agency OCHA said yesterday that 1.1 million people, mostly women and children, had been newly displaced since the rebels launched their offensive on November 27.
The new government’s spokesman told AFP yesterday that the country’s constitution and parliament would be suspended during a three-month transition.
“A judicial and human rights committee will be established to examine the constitution and then introduce amendments,” Obaida Arnaout said.
Speaking at the state television headquarters, seized by the new rebel authorities, Arnaout said they would institute the “rule of law”.
“All those who committed crimes against the Syrian people will be judged in accordance with the law,” he added.
Asked about religious and personal freedoms, Arnaout said, “we respect religious and cultural diversity in Syria”.
A rebel fighter gestures the victory sign while standing on a military aircraft that belonged to forces loyal to Bashar al-Assad government, inside Hama’s military airport, after Syrian rebels battled government forces for control of the key city of Homs on Saturday and advanced towards the capital Damascus as front lines collapsed across the country, throwing President Bashar al-Assad’s rule into the balance, in Hama, Syria December 7, 2024. — Reuters pic
Warning against ‘additional conflicts’
US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, in Jordan yesterday, said it was “really important at this time that we all try to make sure that we’re not sparking any additional conflicts”.
He made the comments after mentioning recent Israeli and Turkish military activity on Syrian soil.
Washington hopes to ensure that Syria is not “used as a base for terrorism” and does not pose “a threat to its neighbours”, added Blinken, whose country has hundreds of troops in Syria as part of a coalition against Islamic State group jihadists.
This has been a concern both for Turkiye, which resents the US military alliance with Syrian Kurds, and Israel, which has been pounding military sites across its historic adversary since Assad fell.
UN chief Antonio Guterres is “particularly concerned” by the Israeli strikes, his spokesman said.
From Jordan Blinken headed directly to Ankara for talks with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
Turkiye named a new chief-of-mission to its long-closed embassy in Damascus, the Anadolou news agency said.
Yesterday, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights war monitor reported Israeli strikes near Damascus, where AFP correspondents said they heard loud explosions.
Blinken said the Israeli air strikes aim “to try to make sure that the military equipment that’s been abandoned by the Syrian army doesn’t fall into the wrong hands”.
The top US diplomat also said Washington was “working to bring home” American Travis Timmerman, after Syria’s new leadership announced he had been released.
The Syrian leadership said it was ready to cooperate with Washington to look for US citizens disappeared under Assad, including on an “ongoing” search for US journalist Austin Tice, who was abducted in 2012.
Mourners attend the funeral of Syrian activist Mazen al-Hamada, whose body was found recently, in the capital Damascus on December 12, 2024. — AFP pic
‘Inclusive’ transition
Leaders of the Group of Seven democratic powers said they were ready to support the transition to an “inclusive and non-sectarian” government in Syria.
They called for the protection of human rights, including those of women and minorities, while emphasising “the importance of holding the Assad regime accountable for its crimes”.
Yesterday, hundreds of Syrians buried outspoken activist Mazen al-Hamada, who in the Netherlands had publicly testified on the torture he faced while in prison in Syria.
He later returned, and his body was among more than 30 found in a Damascus hospital morgue this week.
Mourners gather in a mosque around the coffin of Syrian activist Mazen al-Hamada, whose body was found recently, during his funeral in the capital Damascus on December 12, 2024. Hamada’s body was found in Harasta Hospital after Syrian rebels took control of Damascus in a lightning advance. — AFP pic
The joy sparked by Assad’s overthrow has been accompanied by uncertainty about the future of the multi-ethnic, multi-confessional country.
Sunni Muslim HTS is rooted in Syria’s branch of Al-Qaeda and designated a terrorist organisation by many Western governments, though it has sought to moderate its rhetoric.
The new rulers have also pledged justice for the victims of Assad’s rule.
HTS leader Abu Mohammed al-Jolani, now using his real name Ahmed al-Sharaa, urged “countries to hand over any of those criminals who may have fled so they can be brought to justice”.
UN investigators said they have compiled secret lists of 4,000 perpetrators of serious crimes in Syria since the early days of the country’s civil war.
Syrian flags lie on a chair inside Damascus governorate building, after rebels seized the capital and ousted Syria’s Bashar al-Assad, Syria December 11, 2024. — Reuters pic
‘Remaining hopeful’
The UN’s World Food Programme called for US$250 million (RM1.1 billion) for food assistance for displaced and vulnerable people in Syria over the next six months.
Jordan announced it will host on Saturday a Syria crisis summit with participation of foreign ministers from numerous Western and Arab nations as well as Turkiye.
After Assad’s Baath party, a feared instrument of repression, on Wednesday announced suspension of its activities, members like Maher Semsmieh, 43, turned in their weapons — and turned on the party.
“We are no longer Baathists,” he said with a smile, explaining people had been “obliged” to belong.
Assad was propped up by Russia — where a senior Russian official told US media he had fled — as well as Iran and Lebanon’s Hezbollah militant group.
A person stands next to a damaged picture of Syria’s Bashar al-Assad in Damascus, after rebels seized the capital and ousted him, Syria December 11, 2024. — Reuters pic
The rebels launched their offensive on November 27, the same day a ceasefire took effect in the Israel-Hezbollah war, which saw Israel inflict staggering losses in the ranks of Assad’s Lebanese ally.
Israel on Sunday said it had ordered troops into the UN-patrolled buffer zone that separates Israeli and Syrian forces on the Golan Heights, in a move the UN said violated a 1974 armistice.
In the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, seized from Syria in 1967 and later annexed in a move not recognised by most of the international community, many Druze Arab residents said they hoped for a return to Syrian control.
“I don’t think anything worse than his regime could exist,” Talal Abu Saleh, 69, told AFP of Assad.
“There is always uncertainty, but I insist on remaining hopeful.” — AFP
